Conclusion: The most common presenting symptoms were weak stream and increased frequency. A good relation was noticed between prostate volume (PV) and PSA level (P value 0.01) and prostate volume and post void residual volume (P value 0.001). Insignificant correlation (P value 0.911) was found between age and IPSS. A significant (P value 0.01) direct proportion was found between IPSS total score and PSA level, prostate volume, post void residual volume and quality of life. The post void residual urine volume mean was 69.3 +/- 39.8ml. The mean Prostate volume was 78.4 +/- 30.7 cc. The IPSS score was mild in (28%), moderate in (22%) and severe in (50%), most of the patients were found to be dissatisfied (27%) or mixed feelings (25%) and only 1% were not bothered with their symptoms. The commonest presenting symptoms were frequency (94%) and weak stream (94%). Results: The total number of patients was 100. All patients were assessed with a well-designed questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS program. Subjects and methods: This is a cross-sectional hospital based study including 100 men who presented with LUTS to three major urological centers in Sudan (Suba, IbnSina and police hospitals), in the period from November 2015 to November 2016. Faced with an abundance of new data on acute urinary retention, urologists need to reach a consensus about the risks of urinary retention this may promote movement toward patient centered prevention strategies with tailored treatment options.Objectives : To study the prevalence of symptoms of IPSS in three major urological clinics in Khartoum and the correlation of these symptoms with PSA level, post void residual urine volume and prostate volume. Clinical trials on the short-term use of antimuscarinics have not provided evidence that these agents increase the risk of retention data on longer term administration are needed.Ĭlinicians are adopting less invasive approaches (eg pharmacology or catheterization) to treating patients who present with the symptoms, sign, and condition of urinary retention. Alpha-receptor antagonists and 5alpha-reductase inhibitors may be useful in preventing urinary retention episodes and progressive benign prostatic enlargement. However, age, previous retention episodes, lower urinary tract symptoms, chronic inflammation, serum prostate specific antigen level, prostate size, and urodynamic variables appear to be predictors of acute urinary retention. Community based studies and clinical trials in patients with benign prostatic enlargement and/or lower urinary tract symptoms yield different estimates of the incidence of retention and only provide information on the epidemiology of acute urinary retention. Many factors can contribute to the development of retention, including bladder outlet obstruction, detrusor underactivity, and neurogenic bladder conditions. Use of this term to describe a symptom, a sign, and a condition further complicates the issue. The term urinary retention lacks precise clinical or urodynamic meaning. Articles not directly relevant to urinary retention or post-void residual urine were excluded. We reviewed several aspects of urinary retention that require clarification with the objective of stimulating discussion among urologists to establish an accurate and coherent definition of urinary retention and significant post-void residual urine, and clarify risk factors.Ī MEDLINE search for articles written in English and published before April 2007 was done using a list of terms related to urinary retention. Moreover, the definition of significant post-void residual urine is unclear. Standardized criteria have not been established and many questions remain unanswered. The definitions of acute and chronic urinary retention remain empirical and subject to wide interpretation.
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